ERK Signaling: Duration, Duration, Duration

Learning duration

In this paper, we investigate the possibilities to enhance statistic modelling of segment duration for speech synthesis. In particular we look at the effects of gradually increasing size of training data and at specific problems of phonetic coding. We show that questions arising due to the inherent mismatch between cannon phonemic representation and phonetic realisation are best answered by sta...

An immediate–late gene expression module decodes ERK signal duration

The RAF-MEK-ERK signalling pathway controls fundamental, often opposing cellular processes such as proliferation and apoptosis. Signal duration has been identified to play a decisive role in these cell fate decisions. However, it remains unclear how the different early and late responding gene expression modules can discriminate short and long signals. We obtained both protein phosphorylation a...

Multistate Duration

Beyond Duration

This paper addresses the problem of hedging a portfolio of fixed-income cashflows. We first briefly review the traditional duration hedging method, which is heavily used by practitioners. That approach is based on a series of very restrictive and simplistic assumptions, including the assumptions of a small and parallel shift in the yield curve. We know however that large variations can affect t...

The duration, magnitude and compartmentalization of ERK MAP kinase activity: mechanisms for providing signaling specificity.

ERK MAP kinase signaling plays a pivotal role in diverse cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. One of the central questions concerning this signaling is how activation of the same protein kinase, ERK, elicits distinct cellular outcomes. Recent progress has demonstrated that differences in the duration, magnitude and subcellular compartmentali...